ASHRAE 90.1 - 1989

401.1.2 Electrical Schematic

401.3 Lighting Power Allowance

• 401.3.1 Building Exteriors
• 401.3.2 Building Interiors
• TABLE 401.3.2a - Interior Lighting Power Allowance
• TABLE 401.3.2b - Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance
• TABLE 401.3.2c - Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance
• TABLE 401.3.2d - Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

401.3. Lighting Power Control Credits

• TABLE 401.3.3 - Lighting Power Adjustment Factors

401.3.4 Lighting Controls

• 401.3.4.2 Number of Manual Controls
• 401.3.4.4 Control Accessibility
• 401.3.4.5 Hotel and Motel Guest Room Control
• 401.3.4.6 Switching of Exterior Lighting
  

402.4.1.2 Fenestration

• 402.4.2.3 Daylighting Control Credit Fraction

Electrical power and lighting systems, other than those systems or portions thereof required for emergency use only, shall meet these requirements.

401.1 Electrical Distribution Systems

401.1.1 Check Metering Single-tenant buildings with a service over 250 kVA and tenant spaces with a connected load over 100 kVA in multiple-tenant buildings shall have provisions for check metering of electrical consumption.

The electrical power feeders for which provision for check metering is required shall be subdivided as follows:

Exception to (a), (b), and (c): 10% or less of the loads on a feeder may be from another usage category.

Subdivided feeders shall contain provisions for portable or permanent check metering. The minimum acceptable arrangement for compliance shall provide a safe method for access by qualified persons to the enclosures through which feeder conductors pass and provide sufficient space to attach clamp-on or split core current transformers. These enclosures may be separate compartments or combined spaces with electrical cabinets serving another function. Dedicated enclosures so furnished shall be identified as to measuring function available.

401.1.2 Electrical Schematic. The person responsible for installing the electrical distribution system shall provide the building owner a singleline diagram of the record drawing for the electrical distribution system, which includes the location of check-metering access, schematic diagrams of non-HVAC electrical control systems, and electrical equipment manufacturer's operating and maintenance literature.

LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

401.3 Lighting Power Allowance The lighting system shall meet the provisions of Sections 401.3.1 through 401.3.5. As an alternative to Sections 401.3.1 and 401.3.2, the Lighting Compliance Calculation Computer Program (LTGSTD21) may be used to determine the lighting power allowance for the building or facility.

401.3.1 Building Exteriors The total connected exterior lighting power for the building, or a facility containing multiple buildings, shall not exceed the total exterior lighting power allowance, which is the sum of the individual allowances determined by multiplying the specific area or length of each area description times the allowance for that area.

Exception: Lighting for outdoor manufacturing or processing facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic facilities, public monuments, designated high-risk security areas, signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and lighting specifically required by local ordinances and regulations.

TABLE 401.3.1
Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

401.3.1.1 Trade-offs of exterior lighting budgets among exterior areas shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power of the exterior area does not exceed the exterior lighting power allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2 Building Interiors The total connected interior lighting power for a building, including adjustments in accordance with Section 401.3.3, shall not exceed the total interior lighting power allowance determined from any of the following:

When over 20% of the building's tasks or interior areas are undefined, the most appropriate value for that building from Table 401.3.2a shall be used for the undefined spaces.

401.3.2.1 Trade-offs of the interior lighting power budgets among interior spaces shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power within the building does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2.2 Building/Space Activities Definitions of buildings/space activity as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as follows:

Food Service, fast food, and cafeteria: This group includes cafeterias, hamburger and sandwich stores, bakeries, ice cream parlors, cookie stores, and all other kinds of retail food service establishments in which customers are generally served at a counter and their direct selections are paid for and taken to a table or carried out.

Leisure dining and bar: This group includes cafes, diners, bars, lounges, and similar establishments where orders are placed with a wait person.

Offices: This group includes all kinds of offices, including corporate and professional offices, office/laboratories, governmental offices, libraries, and similar facilities where paperwork occurs.

Retail: A retail store, including departments for the sale of accessories, clothing, dry goods, electronics, and toys, and other types of establishments that display objects for direct selection and purchase by consumers. Direct selection means literally removing an item from display and carrying it to checkout or pick-up at a customer service facility.

Mall concourse, multi-store service: This group includes the interior of multifunctional public spaces, such as shopping center malls, airports, resort concourses and malls, entertainment facilities, and related types of buildings or spaces

Service establishment: A retail-like facility, including watch repair, real estate offices, auto and tire service facilities, parts departments, travel agencies, and similar facilities, in which the customer obtains services rather than the direct selection of goods.

Garages: This category includes all types of parking garages, except for service or repair areas.

School: This category, subdivided by pre-school/elementary, junior high/high school, and technical/vocational, includes public and private educational institutions, for children or adults, and may also include community centers, college and university buildings, and business educational centers.

Warehouse and storage: This includes all types of support facilities, such as warehouses, barns, storage buildings, shipping/receiving buildings, boiler or mechanical buildings, electric power buildings, and similar buildings where the primary visual task is large items.

TABLE 401.3.2a
Interior Lighting Power Allowance, W/ft²

TABLE 401.3.2b
Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

TABLE 401.3.2c
Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

TABLE 401.3.2d
Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Figure 401.3.2e Area Factor

AF = area factor,
CH = ceiling height (ft),
A_r = room area (ft²).

If AF < 1.0 use 1.0; if AF > 1.8 use 1.8.

401.3. Lighting Power Control Credits The interior connected lighting power determined in accordance with Section 401.3.2 can be decreased for luminaires that are automatically controlled for occupancy, daylight, lumen maintenance, or programmable timing. The adjusted interior connected lighting power shall be determined by subtracting the sum of all lighting power control credits from the interior connected lighting power. Using Table 401.3., the lighting power control credit equals the power adjustments factors times the connected lighting power of the controlled lighting.

The lighting power adjustment shall be applied with the following limitations:

TABLE 401.3.3
Lighting Power Adjustment Factors

401.3.4 Lighting Controls

401.3.4.1 Type of Lighting Controls. All lighting systems shall have controls.

Exception: Emergency use or exit lighting.  

401.3.4.2 Number of Manual Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling-high partitions shall have a minimum of one manual control (on/off switch) for lighting in that space.   Additional manual controls shall be provided for each task location or for each group of task locations within an area of 450 ft(2) or less.   For spaces with only one lighting fixture or with a single ballast, one manual control is required.  

401.3.4.3 Multiple Location Controls. Manual controls that operate the same load from multiple locations shall be counted as one manual control.  

401.3.4.4 Control Accessibility. Lighting controls shall be readily accessible from within the space controlled.

Exception: Controls for spaces that are used as a whole, automatic controls, programmable controls, controls requiring trained operators, and controls for safety hazards and security.

401.3.4.5 Hotel and Motel Guest Room Control. Hotel and motel guest rooms and suites shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles excluding bathrooms.

Exception: Where switches are provided at the entry to each room of a multiple-room suite.

401.3.4.6 Switching of Exterior Lighting. Exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour use shall be automatically switched by either timer or photocell or a combination of timer and photocell.   When used, timers shall be capable of seven-day and seasonal daylight schedule adjustment   and have power backup for at least four hours.  

401.3.5 Ballasts

401.3.5.1 Tandem Wiring. One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent luminaries that are recess mounted within 10 ft center-to-center of each other, or pendant mounted, or surface mounted within 1 ft of each other, and within the same room, shall be tandem wired, unless three-lamp ballasts are used.  

401.3.5.2 Power Factor. All ballasts shall have a power factor of at least 90%.

402.4.1.2 Fenestration The design of the fenestration shall meet the criteria of table 402.4.1.2. When the fenestration columns labeled "perimeter Daylighting" are used, automatic daylighting controls shall be installed in the perimeter daylighted zones of the building. These daylighting controls shall be capable of reducing electric lighting power to at least 50% of full power. Only those shading or lighting controls for perimeter daylighting that are shown on the plans shall be considered. The column labeled "VLT > = SC" shall be used only when the shading coefficient of the glass is less than its visible light transmittance.

402.4.2.2 Lighting Power Density (LIGHTS) The lighting power density used in the ENVSTD21 computer program shall use the actual lighting power density from the building plans and specifications or the appropriate value from Tables 401.3.2a or 401.3.2b, c, or d if the lighting system design is not included in the building permit application.

402.4.2.3 Daylighting Control Credit Fraction (DLCF) When the daylighting control credit fraction is other than zero, automatic daylighting controls shall be installed in the appropriate perimeter zone(s) of the building to justify the credit. The building permit application shall include the lighting design.

403.2.7.1 Automatic Setback o Shutdown Controls HVAC systems shall be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy use through control setback or equipment shutdown.

ASHRAE 90.1 - 1999

4.1.2.2.5 Lighting Alterations. The replacement of lighting systems in any building space shall comply with the lighting power density requirements of Section 9 applicable to that space. New lighting systems shall comply with the applicable lighting power density requirements of section 9. Any new control devices as a direct replacement of existing control devices shall comply with the specific requirements of Sections 9.2.1.2(a) and 9.2.1.2(c)

Exception to 4.1.2.2.5: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply with these requiremnts provided that such alterations do not increase the installed interior lighting power.

5.2.1.3 Recessed Equipment: Lighting fixtures; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, including wall heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other equipment shall not be recessed in such a manner as to affect the insulation thickness unless:

In all cases, air leakage through or around the recessed equipment to the conditioned space shall be limited in accordance with 5.2.3.1.

9. LIGHTING (back to top)
9.1 General

TABLE 9.3.1.1
Lighting Power Densities Using
the Building Area Method

TABLE 9.3.2
Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors

11.3.8 Lighting. Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined as follows:

11.4.5 Lighting. Lighting power in the budget building design shall be determined using the same categorization procedure (building area or space function) and categories as the proposed design with lighting power set equal to the maxi-mum allowed for the corresponding method and category in9.3. Lighting controls shall be the minimum required.

TABLE C3.5
VLT Factor for the Base Envelope Design

C5.4 The electrical systems shall be the same for both the base envelope design and the proposed design. The lighting power density shall be 1.20 W/ft² for nonresidential conditioned spaces, 1.00 W/ft² for residential conditioned spaces,and 0.50 W/ft² for semi heated spaces. The equipment power density shall be 0.75 W/ft² for nonresidential conditioned spaces, 0.25 W/ft² for residential conditioned spaces, and0.25 W/ft² for semi heated spaces. Continuous daylight dim-ming shall be assumed in all spaces and be activated at 50 fc for nonresidential conditioned spaces and residential conditioned spaces and 30 fc for semi heated spaces.

C5.5 Surface reflectance's for day lighting calculations shall be 80% for ceilings, 50% for walls, and 20% for floors.

C5.6 Envelope performance factor is defined in the following equation.

C6.2 Envelope Performance Factor. The envelope performance factor (EPF) of a building shall be calculated using Equation C-2.

C6.4 Lighting. The lighting term for each zone in the building as defined in C4 shall be calculated using Equation C-4.

INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-1999-1 OF
ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-1999
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

February 4, 2000

Request from: Charles Eley, Eley Associates, 142 Minna Street, San Francisco, California 94105

Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, Section 9.3.2, relating to the exterior lighting power allowance.

Background: Section 9.3.2 has lighting power limits for exterior building lighting. Table 9.3.2 has limits for building entrances with a canopy, building entrances without a canopy, building exits and illuminated building facades. For a single building, the standard permits trade-offs between these four applications.

Interpretation: For multi-building projects, exterior lighting power can be traded off between buildings. Each building does not have to separately meet its exterior lighting power allowance.

Question: Is this interpretation correct?

Answer: Yes. The exterior lighting power allowance of a multi-building project is the sum of lighting power allowances for the applicable exterior entrances (with and without canopies) and exits of all buildings.

Comments: The designer is provided with additional flexibility for relatively minor lighting loads without changing the total amount of exterior power allowance for the total project. Building facades are not part of the exterior lighting power allowance. Building facade lighting power is “use-it or lose-it”.

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2001

• 9.2.1.2 Space Control
• 9.2.1.3 Exterior Lighting Control
• 9.2.1.4 Additional Control.

TABLE 9.3.1.1 - Lighting Power Densities - Building Area Method

• 9.2.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power
• 9.2.6 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting
• 9.3 Prescriptive Path
• TABLE 9.3.2 - Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors

ASHRAE 90.1 1999 addendum

ASHRAE 90.1 2001 addendum

9.2.1 Lighting Control

9.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5000 ft² shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either

1. a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns lighting off at specific programmed times–an independent program schedule shall be provided for areas of no more than 25,000 ft² but not more than one floor–or
2. an occupant sensor that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space–or
3. a signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the area is unoccupied.

Exception to 9.2.1.1: Lighting intended for 24-hour operation shall not require an automatic control device.

9.2.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall

1. control a maximum of 2500 ft² area for a space 10,000 ft² or less and a maximum of 10,000 ft² area for a space greater than 10,000 ft²,
2. be capable of overriding the shutoff control required in 9.2.1.1 for no more than four hours, and
3. be readily accessible and located so the occupant can see the controlled lighting.

Exception to 9.2.1.2: Remote location shall be permitted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and it shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

9.2.1.3 Exterior Lighting Control. Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in 9.1 and 9.3.2 shall be controlled by a photo sensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting when sufficient daylight is available or the lighting is not required.

Exception to 9.2.1.3: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.

9.2.1.4 Additional Control.

1. Display/Accent Lighting display or accent lighting shall have a separate control device.
2. Case Lighting–lighting in cases used for display purposes shall have a separate control device.
3. Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting–hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
4. Task Lighting–supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed under shelf or under cabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device is readily accessible and located so that the occupant can see the controlled lighting
5. Nonvisual Lighting–lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall have a separate control device.
6. Demonstration Lighting–lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education shall have a separate control device.

9.2.2 Tandem Wiring. Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps greater than 30 W each shall use two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in place of single-lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device.

Exceptions to 9.2.2:

9.2.3 Exit Signs. Exit sign luminaires operating at greater than 20 watts shall have a minimum source efficacy of 35 lm/W.

9.2.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power. The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically exempted in 9.3.1.

Exception to 9.2.4: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage.

9.2.5 Luminaire Wattage.Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria:

1. The wattage of incandescent or tungsten-halogen luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.
2. The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating input wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination based on values from the auxiliary manufacturer’s literature or recognized testing laboratories.
3. The wattage of line-voltage lighting track and plug-in busway that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the luminaires included in the system with a minimum of 30 W/lin ft.
4. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting systems that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system.
5. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified wattage of the lighting equipment.

9.2.6 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies for one of the exceptions under 9.1 or 9.3.2.

9.3 Prescriptive Path

9.3.1 Interior Lighting Power. The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion of a building shall be determined by either the building area method described in 9.3.1.1 or the space-by space method described in 9.3.1.2. Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of calculation has been used are not permitted. The installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with 9.2.4 shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with 9.3.1.1 or 9.3.1.2.

Exceptions to 9.3.1: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with 9.3.1.1 or 9.3.1.2, nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with 9.2.4. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device.

9.3.1.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the building area method:

1. Determine the appropriate building area type from Table 9.3.1.1 and the allowed lighting power density (watts per unit area) from the building area method column. For building area types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. Determine the gross lighted floor area (square feet) of the building area type.
3. Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the building area type(s) times the lighting power density.
4. The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the lighting power allowances of all building area types. Trade-offs among building area types are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

9.3.1.2 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the space-by-space method:

1. Determine the appropriate building type from Table 9.3.1.2. For building types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height requirements.
3. Determine the interior lighting power allowance by using the columns designated space-by-space method in Table 9.3.1.2. Multiply the floor area(s) of the space(s) times the allowed lighting power density for the space type that most closely represents the proposed use of the space(s). The product is the lighting power allowance for the space(s). For space types not listed, selection of a reasonable equivalent category shall be permitted.
4. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of lighting power allowances of all spaces. Trade-offs among spaces are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

9.3.1.2.1 Additional Interior Lighting Power. When using the space-by-space method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance is allowed for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the specified lighting is installed, shall be used only for the specified luminaires, and shall not be used for any other purpose or in any other space.

An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:

1. For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general lighting for the purpose of decorative appearance, such as chandelier-type luminaries or sconces or for highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 1.0 W/ft² of such spaces.
2. For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed to meet the requirements of visual display terminals as the primary viewing task, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 0.35 W/ft² of such spaces and that the specified luminaire meets requirements for use in such spaces. Maximum average luminance measured from the vertical in candelas per square foot of not more than 80 cd/ft² at 65 degrees, 33 cd/ft² at 75 degrees, and 17 cd/ft² at 85 to 90 degrees.
3. For lighting equipment installed in retail spaces that is specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed
   1. 1.6 W/ft² times the area of specific display or
   2. 3.9 W/ft² times the area of specific display for valuable merchandise, such as jewelry, fine apparel and accessories, china and silver, art, and similar items, where detailed display and examination of merchandise are important.

9.3.2 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The exterior building facade lighting power shall not exceed 0.25 W/ft² of the illuminated area. The exterior lighting power allowance for all other exterior building applications is the sum of the lighting power limits permitted and specified in Table 9.3.2 for these applications. Exterior lighting for all applications (except those included in the exceptions to 9.1 and 9.3.2) shall comply with the requirements of 9.2.6.

Exceptions to 9.3.2: Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with an independent control device:

…

11.3.8 Lighting. Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined as follows:

1. Where a complete lighting system exists, the actual lighting power shall be used in the model.
2. Where a lighting system has been designed, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with 9.3.
3. Where no lighting exists or is specified, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the Building Area Method for the appropriate building type.

…

11.4.5 Lighting. Lighting power in the budget building design shall be determined using the same categorization procedure (building area or space function) and categories as the proposed design with lighting power set equal to the maximum allowed for the corresponding method and category in 9.3. Lighting controls shall be the minimum required.

…

C5.4 The electrical systems shall be the same for both the base envelope design and the proposed design. The lighting power density shall be 1.20 W/ft² for nonresidential conditioned spaces, 1.00 W/ft² for residential conditioned spaces, and 0.50 W/ft² for semiheated spaces. The equipment power density shall be 0.75 W/ft² for nonresidential conditioned spaces, 0.25 W/ft² for residential conditioned spaces, and 0.25 W/ft² for semiheated spaces. Continuous daylight dimming shall be assumed in all spaces and be activated at 50 fc for nonresidential conditioned spaces and residential conditioned spaces and 30 fc for semiheated spaces.

G3.8 Lighting. Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined as follows:

Exception to G3.8 (d): For multifamily living units, hotel/motel guest rooms, and other spaces in which lighting systems are connected via receptacle sand are not shown or provided for on building plans, assume identical lighting power for the proposed and baseline building designs in the simulations, but exclude these loads when calculating the baseline building performance and proposed building performance.

G4.4 Baseline Lighting Systems. Lighting power in the baseline building design shall be determined using the same categorization procedure (Building Area or Space Function) and categories as the proposed design with lighting power set equal to the maximum allowed for the corresponding method and category in 9.3. No automatic lighting controls (e.g., programmable controls or automatic controls for daylight utilization) shall be modeled in the baseline building design because the lighting schedules used are understood to reflect the mandatory control requirements in this standard.

1. Revise Table 9.3.1.1 as shown to incorporate revised whole building LPD values and split the previous hospital/health care category into two separate categories. The revised LPD values reflect current light source efficiency data, recent research work on light loss factors, and the latest IESNA light level recommendations.

   I-P TABLES:

   TABLE 9.3.1.1,
   Lighting Power Densities Using
   the Building Area Method
   

   Building Area Type	Lighting Power Density (W/ft²)
   Automotive Facility	0.9
   Convention Center	1.2
   Court House	1.2
   Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure	1.3
   Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food	1.4
   Dining: Family	1.6
   Dormitory	1.0
   Exercise Center	1.0
   Gymnasium	1.1
   Healthcare-Clinic	1.0
   Hospital	1.2
   Hotel	1.0
   Library	1.3
   Manufacturing Facility	1.3
   Motel	1.0
   Motion Picture Theatre	1.2
   Multi-Family	0.7
   Museum	1.1
   Office	1.0
   Parking Garage	0.3
   Penitentiary	1.0
   Performing Arts Theatre	1.6
   Police/Fire Station	1.0
   Post Office	1.1
   Religious Building	1.3
   Retail	1.5
   School/University	1.2
   Sports Arena	1.1
   Town Hall	1.1
   Transportation	1.0
   Warehouse	0.8
   Workshop	1.4

   a In cases where both general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
   
   
   
2. Replace Table 9.3.1.2 with the following new table to incorporate revised space-by-space LPD values and provide a table format that includes the same space categories as the previous table but in a clearer, easier-to-use format. These revised LPD values reflect current light source efficiency data, recent research on light loss factors, and the latest IESNA light level recommendations.
   
   TABLE 9.3.1.2 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method
   

   Common Space Types	LPD (W/ft²)	Building Specific Space Types (Continued)	LPD (W/ft²)
   Office-enclosed	1.1	Fire Stations
   Office-open plan	1.1	Fire Station Engine room	0.8
   Conference/ Meeting/ Multipurpose	1.3	Sleeping Quarters	0.3
   Classroom/ Lecture/ Training	1.4	Post Office - Sorting Area	1.2
   For Penitentiary	1.3	Convention Center - Exhibit Space	1.3
   Lobby	1.3	Library
   For Hotel	1.1	Card File & Cataloguing	1.1
   For Performing Arts Theater	3.3	Stacks	1.7
   For Motion Picture Theatre	1.1	Reading Area	1.2
   Audience/ Seating Area	0.9	Hospital
   For Gymnasium	0.4	Emergency	2.7
   For Exercise Center	03.	Recovery	0.8
   For Convention Center	0.7	Nurse station	1.0
   For Penitentiary	0.7	Exam/Treatment	1.5
   For Religious Buildings	1.7	Pharmacy	1.2
   For Sports Arena	0.4	Patient Room	0.7
   For Performing Arts Theatre	2.6	Operating Room	2.2
   For Motion Picture theatre	1.2	Nursery	0.6
   For Transportation	0.5	Medical Supply	1.4
   Atrium-first three floors	0.6	Physical Therapy	0.9
   Atrium-each additional floor	0.2	Radiology	0.4
   Lounge/Recreation	1.2	Laundry-Washing	0.6
   For Hospital	0.8	Automotive – Service/Repair	0.7
   Dining are	0.9	Manufacturing
   For Penitentiary	1.3	Low Bay (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height)	1.2
   For Hotel	1.3	High Bay (>25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height)	1.7
   For Motel	1.2	Detailed Manufacturing	2.1
   For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining	1.4	Equipment room	1.2
   For Family Dining	2.1	Control room	0.5
   Food Preparation	1	Hotel/ Motel Guest Rooms	1.1
   Laboratory	1.4	Dormitory - Living Quarters	1.1
   Restrooms	0.9	Museum
   Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room	0.6	General Exhibition	1.0
   Corridor/Transition	0.5	Restoration	1.7
   For Hospital	1.0	Bank/Office - Banking Activity Area	1.5
   For Manufacturing Facility	0.5	Religious Buildings
   Stairs – active	0.6	Worship-pulpit, choir	2.4
   Active Storage	0.8	Fellowship Hall	0.9
   For Hospital	0.9	Retail [For accent lighting see 9.3.1.2.1.(c)]
   Inactive storage	0.3	Sales area	2.1
   For Museum	0.8	Mall Concourse	1.7
   Electrical/ mechanical	1.5	Sports Arena
   Workshop	1.9	Ring Sports Area	2.7
   		Court Sports Area	2.3
   Building Specific Space Types		Indoor Playing Field Area	1.4
   Gymnasium/ Exercise Center		Warehouse
   Playing Area	1.4	Fine Material Storage	1.4
   Exercise Area	0.9	Medium/Bulky Material Storage	0.9
   Courthouse/ Police Station/ Penitentiary		Parking Garage - Garage Area	0.2
   Courtroom	1.9	Transportation
   Confinement Cells	0.9	Airport - Concourse	0.6
   Judges Chambers	1.3	Air/Train/Bus - Baggage Area	1.0
   		Terminal - Ticket counter	1.5

   a In cases where both a common space type and a building specific space type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.
   
   TABLE 9.3.1.1
   Lighting Power Densities
   Using the Building Area Method

   Building Area Type	Lighting Power Density (W/m²)
   Automotive Facility	10
   Convention Center	13
   Court House	13
   Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure	13
   Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food	15
   Dining: Family	17
   Dormitory	11
   Exercise Center	11
   Gymnasium	12
   Healthcare-Clinic	11
   Hospital	13
   Hotel	11
   Library	14
   Manufacturing Facility	14
   Motel	11
   Motion Picture Theatre	13
   Multi-Family	8
   Museum	12
   Office	11
   Parking Garage	3
   Penitentiary	11
   Performing Arts Theatre	17
   Police/Fire Station	11
   Post Office	12
   Religious Building	14
   Retail	16
   School/University	13
   Sports Arena	12
   Town Hall	12
   Transportation	11
   Warehouse	9
   Workshop	15

   a In cases where both general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
   
   TABLE 9.3.1.2 Lighting Power Densities the Space by Space Method

   Space-by-Space Method Lighting Power Density(LPD)
   Common Space Types	LPD(W/m²)	Building Specific Spaces Types (Continued)	LPD(W/m²)
   Office-enclosed	1.1	Fire Stations
   Office-open plan	1.1	Fire Station Engine Room	0.8
   Conference-Meeting-Multipurpose	1.3	Sleeping Quarters	0.3
   Classroom-Lecture-Training	1.4	Post Office- Sorting Area	1.2
   For Penitentiary	1.3	Convention Center- Exhibit Space	1.3
   Lobby	1.3	Library
   For Hotel	1.1	Card File&Cataloguing	1.1
   For Performing Arts Theater	3.3	Stacks	1.7
   For Motion Picture Theater	1.1	Reading Area	1.2
   Audience-Seating Area	0.9	Hospital
   For Gymnasium	0.4	Emergency	2.7
   For Exercise Center	0.3	Recovery	0.8
   For Covenanting Center	0.7	Nurse Station	1.0
   For Penitentiary	0.7	Exam-Treatment	1.5
   For Religious Buildings	1.7	Pharmacy	1.2
   For Sports Arena	0.4	Patient Room	0.7
   For Performing Arts Theatre	2.6	Operating Room	2.2
   For Motion Picture Theatre	1.2	Nursery	0.6
   For Transportation	0.5	Medical Supply	1.4
   Atrium-first three floors	0.6	Physical Therapy	0.9
   Atrium-each additional floor	0.2	Radiology	0.4
   Lounge-Recreation	1.2	Laundry-Washing	0.6
   For Hospital	0.8	Automotive-Service-Repair	0.7
   Dining area	0.9	Manufacturing
   For Penitentiary	1.3	Low Bay(<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height)	1.2
   For Hotel	1.3	High Bay(<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height)	1.7
   For Motel	1.2	Detailed Manufacturing	2.1
   For Bar Lounge-Leisure Dining	1.4	Equipment Room	1.2
   For Family Dining	2.1	Control Room	0.5
   Food Preparation	1.2	Hotel-Motel Guest Rooms	1.1
   Laboratory	1.4	Dormitory-Living Quarters	1.1
   Restrooms	0.9	Museum
   Dressing-Locker-Fitting Room	0.6	General Exhibition	1.0
   Corridor-Transition	0.5	Restoration	1.7
   For Hospital	1.0	Bank-Office-Banking Activity Area	1.5
   For Manufacturing Facility	0.5	Religious Buildings
   Stairs - active	6	Worship-pulpit, choir	26
   Active Storage	9	Fellowship Hall	10
   For Hospital	10	Retail [For accent lighting see 9.3.1.2.1(c)]
   Inactive storage	3	Sales area	23
   For Museum	9	Mall Concourse	18
   Electrical/ mechanical	16	Sports Arena
   Workshop	20	Ring Sports Area	29
   		Court Sports Area	25
   Building Specific Space Types		Indoor Playing Field Area	15
   Gymnasium/ Exercise Center		Warehouse
   Playing Area	15	Fine Material Storage	15
   Exercise Area	10	Medium/Bulky Material Storage	10
   Courthouse/ Police Station/ Penitentiary		Parking Garage - Garage Area	2
   Courtroom	20	Transportation
   Confinement Cells	10	Airport - Concourse	6
   Judges Chambers	14	Air/Train/Bus - Baggage Area	11
   		Terminal - Ticket counter	16

   a In cases where both a common space type and a building specific space type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.
   
   

11.4.5 Lighting. Lighting power in the budget building design shall be determined using the same categorization procedure (building area or space function) and categories as the proposed design with lighting power set equal to the maxi-mum allowed for the corresponding method and category in 9.3. Power for fixtures not included in the lighting power density calculation shall be modeled identically in the proposed and budget building. Lighting controls shall be the minimum required.

Addendum ae to 90.1-2001 (I-P and SI editions)

Revise Section 9.2.1.2 as follows:

9.2.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each manual device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the controlled lighting.

1. A control device shall be installed that automatically turns lighting off within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving a space, except spaces with multi-scene control,in:
   1. Classrooms (not including shop classrooms, laboratory classrooms, and preschool through 12th grade classrooms)
   2. Conference/meeting rooms
   3. Employee lunch and break rooms

   These spaces are not required to be connected to other automatic lighting shutoff controls.

2. For all other spaces, control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall a. control a maximum of 2500 ft² (232 m2) area for a space 10,000 ft² (929 m2) or less and a maximum of 10,000 ft² (929 m²) area for a space greater than 10,000 ft² (929 m²), and be capable of overriding any time-of-day scheduled shutoff control for no more than four hours,

Exception to 9.2.1.2: Remote location shall be permitted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and the light is clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

SI Version:

INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-5 OF
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Revision Approved: April 22, 2002

Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 90.1-1999 on February 4, 2000 (IC 90.1-1999-1), but revised based on the publication of 90.1-2001. Revisions made to all Background, Question and Answer statements to reflect Standard 90.1-2001 language.

Request from:Charles Eley, Eley Associates, 142 Minna Street, San Francisco, California 94105

Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 9.3.2, relating to the exterior lighting power allowance.

Background: Section 9.3.2 has lighting power limits for exterior building lighting. Table 9.3.2 has limits for building entrances with a canopy, building entrances without a canopy, and building exits. For a single building, the standard permits trade-offs between these three applications.

Interpretation: For multi-building projects, exterior lighting power can be traded off between buildings. Each building does not have to separately meet its exterior lighting power allowance.

Question: Is this interpretation correct?

Answer: Yes. The exterior lighting power allowance of a multi-building project is the sum of lighting power allowances for the applicable exterior entrances (with and without canopies) and exits of all buildings.

Comments: The designer is provided with additional flexibility for relatively minor lighting loads without changing the total amount of exterior power allowance for the total project.

Building facades are not part of the exterior lighting power allowance. Building facade lighting power is “use-it or lose-it”.

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007

4. ADMINSTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

4.1 General

4.1.1.1 New Buildings. New buildings shall comply with the standard as described in Section 4.2.

4.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. An extension or increase in the floor area or height of a building outside of the existing building envelope shall be considered additions to existing buildings and shall comply with the standard as described in Section 4.2.

4.1.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings. Alterations of existing buildings shall comply with the standard as described in Section 4.2.

4.1.1.4 Replacement of Portions of Existing Buildings. Portions of a building envelope, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, service water heating, power, lighting, and other systems and equipment that are being replaced shall be considered as alterations of existing buildings and shall comply with the standard as described in Section 4.2.

4.1.1.5 Changes in Space Conditioning. Whenever unconditioned or semiheated spaces in a building are converted to conditioned spaces, such conditioned spaces shall be brought into compliance with all the applicable requirements of this standard that would apply to the building envelope, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, service water heating, power, lighting, and other systems and equipment of the space as if the building were new.

4.1.2 Administrative Requirements. Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements , enforcement by the authority having jurisdiction, locally adopted energy standards, interpretations, claims of exemption, and rights of appeal are specified by the authority having jurisdiction.

4.1.3 Alternative Materials, Methods of Construction, or Design. The provisions of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, method of construction, design, equipment, or building system not specifically prescribed herein.

4.1.4 Validity. If any term, part, provision, section, paragraph, subdivision, table, chart, or referenced standard of this standard shall be held unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffective, in whole or in part, such determination shall not be deemed to invalidate any remaining term, part, provision, section, paragraph, subdivision, table, chart, or referenced standard of this standard.

4.1.5 Other Laws. The provisions of this standard shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state, or federal law. Where there is a conflict between a requirement of this standard and such other law affecting construction of the building, precedence shall be determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

4.1.6 Referenced Standards. The standards referenced in this standard and listed in Section 12 shall be considered part of the requirements of this standard to the prescribed extent of such reference. Where differences occur between the provision of this standard and referenced standards, the provision of this standard shall apply. Informative references are cited to acknowledge sources and are not part of this standard. They are identified in Informative Appendix E.

4.1.7 Normative Appendices. The normative appendices to this standard are considered to be integral parts of the mandatory requirements of this standard, which, for reasons of convenience, are placed apart from all other normative elements.

4.1.8 Informative Appendices. The informative appendices to this standard and informative notes located within this standard contain additional information and are not mandatory or part of this standard.

4.2 Compliance

4.2.1 Compliance Paths

4.2.1.1 New Buildings. New Buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 or Section 11.

4.2.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. Additions to existing buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 or Sections 11.

Exceptions: When an addition to an existing building cannot comply by itself, trade-offs will be allowed by modification to one or more of existing components of the existing building. Modeling of the modified components of the existing building and addition shall employ the procedures of Section 11; the addition shall not increase the energy consumption of existing building plus the addition beyond the energy that would be consumed by the existing building plus the addition if the addition alone did comply.

4.2.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings. Alterations of existing buildings shall comply with the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, provided, however, that nothing in this standard shall require compliance with any provision of this standard if such compliance will result in the increase of energy consumption of the building.

Exceptions:

1. A building that has been specifically designated as historically significant by the adopting authority or is listed in The National Register of Historic Places or has been determined to be eligible for listing by the US Secretary of the Interior need not comply with these requirements.
2. Where one or more components of an existing building or portions thereof are being replaced, the annual energy consumption of the comprehensive design shall not be greater than the annual energy consumption of a substantially identical design, using the same energy types, in which the applicable requirements of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, as provided in Section 4.2.1.3, and such compliance is verified by a design professional, by the use of any calculation methods acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

4.2.2 Compliance Documentation

4.2.2.1 Construction Details. Compliance documents shall show all the pertinent data and features of the building. equipment, and systems in sufficient detail to permit a determination of compliance by building official and to indicate compliance with the requirements of this standard.

4.2.2.2 Supplemental Information. Supplemental information necessary to verify compliance with this standard, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, vendor literature, or other data, shall be made available when required by the building official.

4.2.2.3 Manuals. Operating and maintenance information shall be provided to the building owner. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information specified in Sections 6.7.2.2 and 8.7.2.

4.2.3 Labeling of Material and Equipment. Materials and equipment shall be labeled in a manner that will allow for a determination of their compliance with the applicable provisions of this standard.

4.2.4 Inspections. All building construction, additions, or alterations subject to the provisions of this standard shall be subject to inspection by the building official, and all such work shall remain accessible and exposed for inspection purposes until approved in accordance with the procedures specified by the building official. Items for inspection include at least the following:

1. wall insulation after the insulation and vapor retarder are in place but before concealment
2. roof/ceiling insulation after roof/insulation is in place but before concealment
3. slab/foundation wall after slab/foundation insulation is in place but before concealment
4. fenestration after all glazing materials are in place
5. mechanical systems and equipment and insulation after installation but before concealment
6. electrical equipment and systems after installation but before concealment

5.8.1.6 Recessed Equipment. Lighting fixtures; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, including wall heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other equipment shall not be recessed in such a manner as to affect the insulation thickness unless

1. the total combined area affected (including necessary clearances) is less than 1% of the opaque are of the assembly,
2. the entire roof, wall, or floor is covered with insulation to the full depth required, or
3. the effects of reduced insulation are included in calculations using an area-weighted average method and compressed insulation values obtained from Table A9.4.C.
   In all cases, air leakage through or around the recessed equipment to the conditioned space shall be limited in accordance with Section 5.4.3.

9. LIGHTING

9.1 General

9.1.1 Scope. This section shall apply to the following:

1. interior spaces of buildings
2. exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances, exists, loading docks, and illuminated canopies
3. exterior building grounds lighting provided through the building’s electrical service

Exceptions:

1. emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation
2. lighting within dwelling units
3. lighting that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation
4. decorative gas lighting systems

9.1.2 Lighting Alterations. The replacement of lighting systems in any building space shall comply with the LPD requirements of Section 9 applicable to that space. New lighting systems shall comply with the applicable LPD requirements of Section 9. Any new control devices as a direct replacement of existing control devices shall comply with the specific requirements of Section 9.4.1.2(b).

Exception: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply with these requirements provided that such alterations do not increase the installed interior lighting power.

9.1.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power. The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, transformers, and control devices except as specifically exempted in Section 9.2.2.3.

Exception: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage.

9.1.4 Luminaire Wattage. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria:

1. The wattage of incandescent or tungsten-halogen luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.
2. The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating input wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination based on values from the auxiliary manufacturers’ literature or recognized testing laboratories or shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.
3. For line-voltage lighting track and plug-in busway, designed to allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system, the wattage shall be
   1. the specified wattage of the luminaires included in the system with a minimum of 30 W/lin ft or
   2. the wattage limit of the system’s circuit breaker or
   3. the wattage limit of other permanent current-limiting device(s) on the system.
4. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting systems that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system.
5. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified wattage of the lighting equipment.

9.2 Compliance Path(s)

9.2.1 Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with Section 9.1. General; Section 9.4, Mandatory Provisions; and the prescriptive requirements of either

1. Section 9.5, Building Area Method; or
2. Section 9.6, Space-by-Space Method.

9.2.2 Prescriptive Requirements

9.2.2.1 The Building Area Method for determining the interior lighting power allowance, described in Section 9.5, is a simplified approach for demonstrating compliance.

9.2.2.2 The Space-by-Space Method, described in Section 9.6, is an alternative approach that allows greater flexibility.

9.2.2.3 Interior Lighting Power. The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion of a building shall be determined by either the Building Area Method described in Section 9.5 or the Space-by-Space Method described in Section 9.6. Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of calculation has been used are not permitted. The installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 9.1.3 shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Section 9.5 or 9.6.

Exception: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Section 9.5 or 9.6, nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 9.1.3. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device.

1. Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments.
2. Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer.
3. Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment.
4. Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases.
5. Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment.
6. Lighting for plant growth or maintenance.
7. Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs including visual impairment and other medical and age-related issues.
8. Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions.
9. Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark.
10. Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage.
11. Exit signs.
12. Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems.
13. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film and video production.
14. Lighting for television broadcasting in sporting activity areas.
15. Casino gaming areas.
16. Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff and complies with Section 9.4.1.4(d).

9.3 (Not Used)

9.4 Mandatory Provisions

9.4.1 Lighting Control

9.4.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5000 ft² shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either.

1. a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns lighting off at specific programmed times—an independent program schedule shall be provided for areas of no more than 25,000 ft² but not more than one floor—or
2. an occupant sensor that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space or
3. a signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the area is unoccupied.

Exceptions: The following shall not require an automatic control device:

1. Lighting intended for 24-hour operation
2. Lighting in spaces where patient care is rendered
3. Lighting in spaces where an automatic shutoff would endanger the safety or security of the room or building occupant(s).

9.4.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each manual device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the controlled lighting.

1. A control device shall be installed that automatically turns lighting off within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving a space, except spaces with multi-scene control, in
   1. classrooms (not including shop classrooms, laboratory classrooms, and preschool through 12th grade classrooms),
   2. conference/meeting rooms, and
   3. employee lunch and break rooms.

   These spaces are not required to be connected to other automatic lighting shutoff controls.

2. For all other purposes, each control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall control a maximum of 2500 ft² area for a space 10,000 ft² or less and a maximum of 10,000 ft² area for a space greater than 10,000 ft² and be capable of overriding any time-of-day scheduled shutoff control for no more than four hours.

Exception: Remote location shall be permitted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and the light is clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

9.4.1.3 Exterior Lighting Control. Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in Section 9.1 shall have automatic controls capable of turning off exterior lighting when sufficient daylight is available or when the lighting is not required during nighttime hours. Lighting not designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be controlled by either

1. a combination of a photosensor and a time switch or
2. an astronomical time switch

Lighting designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be controlled by an astronomical time switch or photosensor. All time switches shall be capable of retaining programming and the time setting during loss of power for a period of at least ten hours.

Exception: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.

9.4.1.4 Additional Control

1. Display/Accent Lighting – display or accent lighting shall have a separate control device.
2. Case Lighting – lighting in cases used for display purposes shall have a separate control device.
3. Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting – hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
4. Task lighting – supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed under-shelf or under-cabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device is readily accesible and located so that the occupant can see the controlled lighting.
5. Non-visual lighting – lighting for non-visual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall have a separate control device.
6. Demonstration lighting – lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education shall have a separate control device.

9.4.2 Tandem Wiring. Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps greater than 30W each shall use two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in place of single-lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device.

Exceptions:

1. Recessed luminaires more than 10 ft apart measured center to center.
2. Surface-mounted or pendant luminaires that are not continuous.
3. Luminaires using single-lamp high-frequency electronic ballasts.
4. Luminaires using three-lamp high-frequency electronic or three-lamp electromagnetic ballasts.
5. Luminaires on emergency circuits.
6. Luminaires with no available pair.

9.4.3 Exit Signs. Internally illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5W per face.

9.4.4 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100W shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies for one of the exceptions under Section 9.1.1 or 9.4.5.

9.4.5 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The total exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior building applications is the sum of the individual lighting power densities permitted in Table 9.4.5 for these applications plus an additional unrestricted allowance of 5% of that sum. Trade-offs are allowed only among exterior lighting applications listed in the Table 9.4.5 “Tradable Surfaces” section.

Exceptions: Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with a control device independent of the control of the non-exempt lighting:

1. Specialized signal, directional and marker lighting associated with transportation.
2. Advertising signage or directional signage.
   
   

   TABLE 9.4.5 Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors
   Tradable Surfaces (LPDs for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded.)	Uncovered parking areas	Parking lots and drives	0.15 W/ft2
   	Building grounds	Walkways less than 10 ft. wide	1.0 W/linear foot
   		Walkways 10 ft wide or greater Plaza areas Special feature areas	0.2W/ft2
   		Stairways	1.0W/ft2
   	Building entrances and exits	Main entries	30 W/linear foot of door width
   		Other doors	20 W/linear foot of door width
   	Canopies and overhangs Canopies (free standing and attached and overhangs)		1.25 W/ft2
   	Outdoor sales Open areas (including vehicle sales lots)		0.5 W/ft2
   	Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to “open area” allowance		20W/linear foot
   Non-Tradable Surfaces (LPDs calculations for the following applications can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the “Tradable Surfaces” section of this table.)	Building facades		0.2W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or Surface or 5.0 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length
   	Automated teller machines and night depositories		270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location
   	Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities		1.25 W/ft2 of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the “Canopies and Overhangs” section of “Tradable Surfaces”
   	Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance, And other emergency service vehicles		0.5 W/ft2of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the “Canopies and Overhangs” section of “Tradable Surfaces”
   	Drive-through windows at fast food restaurants		400 W per drive-through
   	Parking near 24-hour retail entrances		800 W per main entry

3. Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its manufacturer.
4. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production, and video production.
5. Lighting for athletic playing areas.
6. Temporary lighting
7. Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated storage areas.
8. Theme elements in theme/amusement parks.
9. Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings.

9.5 Building Area Method Compliance Path

9.5.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the Building Area Method:

1. Determine the appropriate building area type from Table 9.5.1 and the allowed LPD (watts per unit area) from the “Building Area Method” column. For building area type not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. Determine the gross lighted floor area (square feet) of the building area type.
3. Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the building area type(s) times the LPD.
4. The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the lighting power allowances of all building area types. Trade-off among building area types are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

TABLE 9.5.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Building Area Method

In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.

9.6 Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space Method

9.6.1 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the Space-by-Space Method:

1. Determine the appropriate building type from Table 9.61 For building types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Including the floor area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height requirements.
3. Determine the interior lighting power allowance by using the columns designated Space-by-Space Method in Table 9.6.1. Multiply the floor area(s) of the space(s) times the allowed LPD for the space type that most closely represents the proposed use of the space(s). The products is the lighting power allowance for the space(s). The For space types not listed, selection of a reasonable equivalent category shall be permitted.
4. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of lighting power allowances of all spaces. Trade-offs among spaces are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

9.6.2 Additional Interior Lighting Power. When using the Space-by-space Method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance is allowed for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the specified lighting is installed and automatically controlled, separately from the general lighting, to be turned off during non business hours. This additional power shall be used only for the specified luminaries and shall not be used for any other purpose.

An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:

1. For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general lighting for the purpose of decorative appearance, such as chandelier-type luminaires or sconces or for highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 1.0 W/ft² of such spaces.
2. For lighting equipment installed in sales areas and specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise, calculate the additional lighting power as follows

Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance =
1000 watts + (Retail Area 1 x 1.0 W/ft²)

+ (Retail Area 2 x 1.7 W/ft²)

+ (Retail Area 3 x 2.6 W/ft²)

+ (Retail Area 4 x 4.2 W/ft²),

where

Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Areas 2, 3 or 4;

Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and small electronics;

Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics and artwork; and

Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal and china.

Exception: Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

9.7 Submittals (Not Used)

9.8 Product Information (Not Used)

LPD, W/ft²

TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method

TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method (continued)

Florida Business Code (FBC)

13-415.0 Applicability

13-415.1.ABC.1.1 Automatic lighting shutoff
13-415.1.ABC.1.2 Space control
13-415.1.ABC.1.3 Additional controls
13-415.1.ABC.1.4 Exterior lighting control

13-415.1.A Prescriptive requirements specific to Method A
13-415.1.B Prescriptive requirements specific to Method B
13-415.1.C Prescriptive requirements specific to Method C
13-415.2.ABC.1.2 Luminaire wattage
13-415.2.ABC.1.3 Exterior building lighting power
TABLE 13-415.2.ABC.1.3 Lighting Power Limits for Bldg Exteriors
TABLE 13-415.2.B Lighting Power Densities space-by-space
13-415.2.B.2 Additional interior lighting power

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13-415.0 Applicability.

Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the requirements of 415.1.ABC and applicable requirements of Section 415.2. This section shall apply to the following:

13-415.1 Prescriptive requirements.

13-415.1.ABC Basic prescriptive requirements for Methods A, B and C.

13-415.1.ABC.1 Controls.

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13-415.1.ABC.1.1 Automatic lighting shutoff.
Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5,000 square feet (465 m 2 ) shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either:

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13-415.1.ABC.1.2 Space control.

Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall:

Each manual control device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupant can see the controlled lighting.

Exception: Remote location shall be permitted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and it shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

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13-415.1.ABC.1.3 Additional controls.
Controls are required in the following cases:

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13-415.1.ABC.1.4 Exterior lighting control.
Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted under 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3 shall be controlled by a photosensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting when sufficient daylight is available or the lighting is not required.

Exception: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.

13-415.1.ABC.2 Exterior building grounds lighting.
All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies for one of the exceptions under Sections 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3.

13-415.1.ABC.3 Tandem wiring.
Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps >30W each shall use two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in place of single lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device.

Exceptions:

13-415.1.ABC.4 Exit signs.
Exit sign luminaries operating at greater than 20 watts shall have a minimum source efficacy of 35 lm/W.

13-415.1.AB.1 Calculations.
All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 415.2.

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13-415.1.A Prescriptive requirements specific to Method A.
Lighting levels and types determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the maximum performance levels installed for lighting.

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13-415.1.B Prescriptive requirements specific to Method B.
Lighting levels and types determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the maximum performance levels installed for lighting (see Section 415.2.B ).

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13-415.1.C Prescriptive requirements specific to Method C.
See Section 415.2.C .

13-415.2 Performance calculation procedures.

13-415.2.ABC.1 Performance calculation procedures, General.
The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion of a building shall be determined by either the building area method described in Section 415.2.C.1 or the space-by-space method described in Section 415.2.B.1 . Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of calculation has been used are not permitted. The installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 415.2.ABC.1.1 shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Section 415.2.C.1 or 415.2.B.1

Exceptions: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Sections 415.2.C.1 or 415.2.B.1 , nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 415.2.ABC.1.1. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device.

13-415.2.ABC.1.1 Installed interior lighting power.
The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically exempted in Section 415.2.ABC.1.

Exception: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage.

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13-415.2.ABC.1.2 Luminaire wattage.
Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria:

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13-415.2.ABC.1.3 Exterior building lighting power.
The exterior building facade lighting power shall not exceed 0.25 watts per square feet of the illuminated area. The exterior lighting power allowance for all other exterior building applications is the sum of the lighting power limits permitted and specified in Table 415.2.ABC.1.3 for these applications. Exterior lighting for all applications (except those included in the exceptions to Sections 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3 ) shall comply with the requirements of Section 415.1.ABC.2.

Exceptions: Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with an independent control device:

(a) specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation;

(b) lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings; and

(c) lighting that is integral to advertising signage.

13-415.2.A Performance calculation procedures specific to Method A.
Calculation procedures for Method A shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method A compliance.

13-415.2.B Performance calculation procedures specific to Method B.
Calculation procedures for Method B shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method B compliance.

13-415.2.B.1 Space-by-space method of calculating interior lighting power allowance.
FLA/COM uses the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the space-by-space method.

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13-415.2.B.2 Additional interior lighting power.
When using the space-by-space method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance is allowed for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the specified lighting is installed, shall be used only for the specified luminaires, and shall not be used for any other purpose or in any other space. An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:

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13-415.2.C Performance calculation procedures specific to Method C.

13-415.2.C.1 Building area method of calculating interior lighting power allowance.
Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the building area method:

IECC 2000

Section 805 Lighting Systems

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls
805.2.1.1 Bi-level switching
805.2.1.2 Guest rooms
805.2.2 Exterior lighting controls

Table 805.5.2 Interior Lighting Power
806.4.7 Interior lighting

Addendum 2001 - Additions to IECC 2000
805.2.2. Additional controls
805.2.1.1 Bi Level Switching
805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff

805.1 General. This section covers lighting system controls, the connection of ballasts, the maximum lighting power for interior applications, and the minimum acceptable lighting equipment for exterior applications.

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with the controls as required in sections 805.2.1 and 805.2.2.

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls. Each area enclosed by walls or floor-to-ceiling partitions shall have at least one manual control for the lighting serving that area. The required controls shall be located within the area served by the controls or be a remote switch that identifies the lights served and indicates their status.

Exceptions:

805.2.1.1 Bi-level switching. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall also allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 50 percent.

Exceptions:

805.2.1.2 Guest rooms. Guest rooms in hotels, motels, boarding houses or buildings shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles, except those in the bathroom(s). Suites shall have a control meeting these requirements at the entry to each room or at the primary entry to the suite.

805.2.2 Exterior lighting controls. Automatic switching or photocell controls shall be provided for all exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour operation. Automatic time switches shall have a combination seven-day and seasonal daylight program schedule adjustment, and a minimum 4- hour power backup.

805.3 Tandem wiring. One- or three- lamp fluorescent fixtures that are pendant- or surface- mounted in continuous rows or recess mounted in an accessible ceiling and within 10 feet (3048mm) of each other shall be tandem wired.

Exceptions:

Table 805.5.2
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER

1. Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed for decorative in addition to lighting equipment specified for general lighting and is switch or dimmed on circuits different from the circuits for general lighting, the smaller of the actual wattage of the decorative lighting equipment or 1.0W/ft² times the are of the space that the decorative lighting equipment is in shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.
2. Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed to meet requirements of visual display terminals as the primary viewing task, the smaller of the actual wattage of the lighting equipment or 0.35 W/ft² times the area of the space that the lighting equipment is in shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.
3. Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed to highlight specific merchandise in addition to lighting equipment specified for general lighting and is switched or dimmed on circuits different from the circuits for general lighting the smaller of the actual wattage of the lighting equipment installed specifically for merchandise, or 1.6 W/ft² times the area of the specific display, or 3.9 W/ft² times the actual case or shelf area for displaying and selling fine merchandise such as jewelry, fine apparel and accessories, or china and silver, shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.
4. Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed, the smaller of the actual wattage of the lighting equipment, or 1.0 W/ft² times the area of the emergency, recovery, medical supply and pharmacy space shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.

806.4.7 Interior lighting. The lignting power for the standaed design shall be the maximum allowed in accodance with Section 805.4. Where the occupancy of the building is not known, the lighting power density shall be 1.5 warrs per square foot (16.1 W/m2)

Addendum 2001 - Additions to IECC 2000

Section 805.2. Change to read as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Section 805.2.1, 805.2.2 and 805.2.3.

Section 805.2.2. Add new section to read as follows and renumber remaining sections:
(EC47-00)

805.2.2. Additional controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall have additional controls that meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1, 805.2.2.2 or 805.2.2.3.

Secction 805.2.1.1. Change to read as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2.1.1 Bi Level Switching. Each area less than 250 ft² (23m²) that is required to have a manual control shall also allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 50 percent.

Section 805.2.2.2. Add new section as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Spaces greater than 250² (23m²) in buildings larger than 5,000ft² (465m²) shall be equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either:

1. A scheduled basis, using time-of-day, with an independent program schedule that controls the interior lighting in areas that do not exceed 25,000 ft² (2323 m²) and are not more than one floor, or
2. An unscheduled basis by occupant intervention.

IECC 2001

Section 805.2. Change to read as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Section 805.2.1, 805.2.2 and 805.2.3.

Section 805.2.2. Add new section to read as follows and renumber remaining sections:
(EC47-00)

805.2.2. Additional controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall have additional controls that meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1, 805.2.2.2 or 805.2.2.3.

Secction 805.2.1.1. Change to read as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2.1.1 Bi Level Switching. Each area less than 250 ft² (23m²) that is required to have a manual control shall also allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 50 percent.

Section 805.2.2.2. Add new section as follows:
(EC47-00)

805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Spaces greater than 250² (23m²) in buildings larger than 5,000ft² (465m²) shall be equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either:

1. A scheduled basis, using time-of-day, with an independent program schedule that controls the interior lighting in areas that do not exceed 25,000 ft² (2323 m²) and are not more than one floor, or
2. An unscheduled basis by occupant intervention.

IECC 2003

SECTION 805

ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls
805.2.2 Additional controls
805.2.2.1 Light reduction controls
805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff
805.2.2.2.1 Occupant override
805.2.2.2.2 Holiday scheduling
805.2.2.3 Guestrooms

805.2.3 Exterior lighting controls
805.5 Interior lighting power requirements
805.5.1.4 Line-voltage lighting track
805.6 Exterior lighting
Table 805.5.2 Interior Lighting Power

805.1 General. This section covers lighting system controls, the connection of ballasts, the maximum lighting power for interior applications, and minimum acceptable lighting equipment for exterior applications.

Exception: Lighting within dwelling units.

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Sections 805.2.1, 805.2.2 and 805.2.3.

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls. Each area enclosed by walls or floor-to-ceiling partitions shall have at least one manual control for the lighting serving that area. The required controls shall be located within the area served by the controls or be a remote switch that identifies the lights served and indicates their status.

Exceptions:

805.2.2 Additional controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall have additional controls that meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1, 805.2.2.2 and 805.2.2.3.

Exceptions:

805.2.2.1 Light reduction controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall also allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 50 percent. Lighting reduction shall be achieved by one of the following or other approved method:

Exceptions:

805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Buildings larger than 5,000 square feet (465m²) shall be equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those areas. This automatic control device shall function on either:

805.2.2.2.1 Occupant override. Where an automatic time switch control device is installed to comply with Section 805.2.2.2, Item 1, it shall incorporate an override switching device that:

Exceptions:

805.2.2.2.2 Holiday scheduling. If an automatic time switch control device is installed in accordance with Section 805.2.2.2, Item 1, it shall incorporate an automatic holiday scheduling feature that turns off all loads for at least 24 hours, then resumes the normally scheduled operation.

Exception: Retail stores and associated malls, restaurants, grocery stores, churches and theaters.

805.2.2.3 Guestrooms. Guestrooms in hotels, motels, boarding houses or similar buildings shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles, except those in the bathroom(s). Suites shall have a control meeting these requirements at the entry to each room or at the primary entry to the suite.

805.2.3 Exterior lighting controls. Automatic switching or photocell controls shall be provided for all exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour operation. Automatic time switches shall have a combination seven-day and seasonal daylight program schedule adjustment, and a minimum 4-hour power backup.

805.3 Tandem wiring. The following luminaires located within the same area shall be tandem wired:

1. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or odd numbered lamp configurations, that are recess-mounted within 10 feet (3048mm)center-to-center of each other.
2. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or any other odd-numbered lamp configuration, that are pendant- or surface-mounted within 1 foot (305 mm) edge-to-edge of each other.

Exceptions:

805.4 Exit signs. Internally illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 Watts per side.

805.5 Interior lighting power requirements. A building complies with this section if its total connected lighting power calculated under Section 805.5.1 is no greater than the interior lighting power calculated under Section 805.5.2.

805.5.1 Total connected interior lighting power. The total connected interior lighting power(Watts) shall be the sum of the watts of all interior lighting equipment as determined in accordance with Sections 805.5.1.1 through 805.5.1.4.

Exceptions: The connected power associated with the following lighting equipment is not included in calculating total connected lighting power.

805.5.1.1 Screw lamp holders. The wattage shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.

805.5.1.2 Low-voltage lighting. The wattage shall be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system.

805.5.1.3 Other luminaires. The wattage of all other lighting equipment shall be the wattage of the lighting equipment verified through data furnished by the manufacturer or other approved sources.

805.5.1.4 Line-voltage lighting track and plug-in bus way. The wattage shall be the greater of the wattage of the luminaires determined in accordance with Sections 805.5.1.1 through 805.5.1.3 or 30 W/linear foot (98W/lin m).

805.5.2 Interior lighting power. The interior lighting power shall be calculated using Section 805.5.2.1 or 805.5.2.2 as applicable.

805.5.2.1 Entire building method. Under this approach, the interior lighting power (Watts) is the value from Table 805.5.2 for the building type times the conditioned floor area of the entire building. The interior lighting power (Watts) shall not be increased by the allowances contained in the footnotes of Table 805.5.2 when using the entire building method.

805.5.2.2 Tenant area or portion of building method. The total interior lighting power (Watts) is the sum of all interior lighting powers for all areas in the building covered in this permit. The interior lighting power is the conditioned floor area for each area type listed in Table 805.5.2 times the value from Table 805.5.2 for that area. For the purposes of this method, an "area" shall be defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are associated with a single area type as listed in Table 805.5.2. When this method is used to calculate the total interior lighting power for an entire building, each area type shall be treated as a separate area.

805.6 Exterior lighting. When the power for exterior lighting is supplied through the energy service to the building, all exterior lighting, other than low-voltage landscape lighting, shall have a source efficacy of at least 45 lumens per Watt.

Exception: Where approved because of historical, safety, signage or emergency considerations.

805.7 Electrical energy consumption. In buildings having individual dwelling units, provisions shall be made to determine the electrical energy consumed by each tenant by separately metering individual dwelling units.

Table 805.5.2
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER

806.4.7 Interior lighting. The lighting power for the standard design shall be the maximum allowed in accordance with Section 805.4. Where the occupancy of the building is not known, the lighting power density shall be 1.5 Watts per square foot (16.1 W/ft² ).

IECC 2006

SECTION 505
ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS
(Mandatory)

505.1 General. (Mandatory). This section covers lighting system controls, the connection of ballasts, the maximumlighting power for interior applications, and minimum acceptable lighting equipment for exterior applications.

505.2 Lighting controls. (Mandatory). Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Sections 505.2.1, 505.2.2 , 505.2.3 and 505.2.4.

505.3 Tandem wiring. (Mandatory). The following luminaires located within the same area shall be tandem wired:

1. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or odd-numbered lamp configurations, that are recess-mounted within 10 feet (3048 mm) center-to-center of each other.
   
   
2. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or any other odd-numbered lamp configuration, that are pendant- or surface-mounted within 1 foot (305 mm) edge-to-edge of each other.

   Exceptions:

   1. Where electronic high-frequency ballasts are used.
      
      
   2. Luminaires on emergency circuits.
      
      
   3. Luminaires with no available pair in the same area.
      

505.4 Exit signs. (Mandatory). Internally illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 Watts per side.

505.5 Interior lighting power requirements. (Prescriptive). A building complies with this section if its total connected lighting power calculated under Section 505.5.1 is no greater than the interior lighting power calculated under Section 505.5.2.

505.6 Exterior lighting. (Mandatory). When the power for exterior lighting is supplied through the energy service to the building, all exterior lighting, other than low-voltage landscape lighting, shall comply with Sections 505.6.1 and 505.6.2.

TABLE 505.5.2
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES

505.6.2 Exterior building lighting power. The total exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior building applications is the sum of the individual lighting power allowances based on the densities permitted in Table 505.6.2 for these applications plus an additional unrestricted allowance of 5 percent of that sum. Tradeoffs are allowed only among exterior lighting applications listed in Table 505.6.2 in the Tradable Surfaces section. Exterior lighting for all applications (except those included in the exceptions to Section 505.6.2) shall comply with the requirements of Section 505.6.1.

TABLE 505.6.2
LIGHTING POWER DENSITIES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS